Oregon Trail Food
by: Peggy L. Henderson
My current WIP is a time
travel romance set in the late 1840’s along the Oregon Trail. This book takes
me far, far away from my Yellowstone series, but I’m having a fun (if sometimes
tedious) time learning what life was like along the Oregon Trail. One thing
that fascinated me was all the food the emigrants packed along. The only thing
I can relate to is when my family packs for a camping trip. Our car is usually
stuffed to bursting. I tend to overpack, living by the motto “better to have it
and not need it, that not having it and needing it.” (It drives my husband
crazy) Most emigrants were no different
about packing when they first started their journey. Fortunately, I don’t have
to worry about needing to leave things along the side of the road after realizing
some things are more important for survival than others.
For this article, I want to just
quickly list the types of foods the emigrants packed with them. There were not
very many places along the route for them to buy supplies, so they had to plan to
bring most of their staples along with them right from their starting-off
points.
This is a list of typical
food items as described in a traveller’s guide written for the people headed
for Oregon or California:
(This list is the amount
suggested to bring for each adult traveller)
two hundred pounds of flour
thirty
pounds of pilot bread
seventy-five pounds of bacon
ten pound of rice
five pounds of coffee
two pounds of tea
twenty-five pounds of sugar
half a bushel of dried beans
one bushel of
dried fruit
two
pounds of saleratus (baking soda)
ten pounds of salt
half a
bushel of corn meal
half a bushel of corn, parched and ground
a small
keg of vinegar
Some emigrants brought along whiskey or brandy, and medicines. Cooking
utensils included a cast iron skillet or spider, Dutch oven, reflector oven,
coffee pot or tea kettle, and tin plates, cups, and knives, forks, spoons,
matches, and crocks, canteens, buckets or water bags for liquids. For most
families, 1,600-1,800 pounds of their supplies was food. A wagon should not
weigh more than 2000 pounds, so this left very little room for other items.
It was also recommended that each family bring along two milk cows. Next to
bread, bacon was the food most often on the menu, usually twice a day.
Emigrants also supplemented their diet with buffalo meat or other game that
they were able to kill along the way.
(Sorry for the lack of photos. I’d rather not pull
pictures off the internet anymore)
Peggy, Supposedly, they also took a crock of pickles to prevent scurvy. Linda Huber's book based on her family's history uses the same packing guide, but included pickles. I hadn't realized pickles would prevent scurvy until I read her books. I thought citrus or fresh greens were required. Interesting reading. Thanks.
ReplyDeletePeggy, I wonder how much it cost to buy all those foodstuffs, how they packed it in their covered wagons, and most of all, how they survived for months on such a tiresome diet. We are so spoiled nowadays. We have so much variety of foods to choose from. Maybe that's why many of us are overweight. Valuable info! Thanks for posting.
ReplyDeleteSupplies, animals, wagons. The total tally was usually between $700-$900 to finance the trip. That didn't cover tolls for ferries at river crossings, or buying supplies at outposts (I think they did a lot of trading there), and buying equipment for farming once they got to where they were going. Couldn't bring along the plows and farm implements.
DeleteThis is very interesting Peggy. I'm trying to imagine the meals using those same ingredients over and over. It would be fun to see some recipes of what they cooked with these supplies. I might research for some (if I get a minute).
ReplyDeleteRamona, there are lots of recipes on the net using those ingredients.
DeleteInteresting info, Peggy, and I understand all about that fear of taking photos from the Internet after the news about the one guy's lawsuit. Anything that provides Vitamin C would work for scurvy, Caroline. I think the Brits used pickled stuff on ships once they figured out what stopped scurvy.
ReplyDeleteAbout scurvy - a lot of emigrants suffered from that by the end of the trip because they didn't have enough of the fresh fruits and vegetables. Humans can only go so long on a protein only diet. From what I've been reading, beans and bacon was pretty much a nightly fare. Bringing down a buffalo or other game was a welcome treat, but it doesn't solve the vegetable problem.
ReplyDeleteHadn't read about the pickles. Thanks for that, Caroline.
Interesting list, Peggy -- but what is "pilot bread" ? I wonder if that was some kind of pressed cracker. Hmm. Never heard that term before.
ReplyDeleteLoved your post, Peggy. Very informative.
ReplyDelete