Roller Skating ~ Julie Lence

 Kids of every generation are always looking for some form of entertainment. Many listen to music. Others join the chorus at school. Those with a talent for playing an instrument sign on with the school band. Girls try out for the cheerleading squad while boys vie for a spot on the football or basketball team. While today’s youth feed the rumor mill or form life-long friendships using the latest app, previous generations hung out at the mall or movie theater. Some flocked to the bowling alley or local park. In the 80’s, it wasn’t uncommon for parents to drop their kids off at the neighborhood roller skating rink, to return for them hours later. But before the roller rink was all the rage, kids skated on sidewalks, and had keys to adjust skates to fit beneath their shoes. Before that…

Roller skating dates back to the 1700’s and London, England. While it’s not known who invented the 1^st roller skate used in a stage performance, it has been documented the 1^st roller skate in use took place in 1743. Two decades later, John Merlin is credited with inventing the 1^st inline skate; a skate boasting two metal wheels but not easily maneuverable. Merlin wore them to a party and crashed into a mirror.             

wooden skates courtesy Science Museum

The 1800’s brought significant changes to the roller skate. Petitbled patented the 1^st roller skate design in 1819. Although the design was deemed impressive, it again lacked maneuverability.  In 1823, Robert Tyers patented a skate resembling the roller blades we know today; 5 wheels in single file on the bottom of a skate boot. 1857 saw the opening of the 1^st roller rink in London. James Plimption designed the quad skate in 1863 (2 wheels in the front and 2 wheels in the back), and in 1876, the toe stop was patented. It wasn’t until the 1880’s that the United States devoted time and money to mass producing skates, thus becoming known as the 1^st boom decade for roller skating. Before the 1880’s, public rinks had been open in New York since the 1860’s, but the craze spread west during the boom decade, with McCarty’s Rink opening in Dodge City, KS in 1885 among the other 50,000 rinks in existence.  

The cost for a pair of skates was $6. In 1885, sales reached more than $20 million in the United States, and as the craze soared higher, people of all ages could be found gliding around the smooth wood floors. Businessmen skated to work. Amateur and professional athletes, along with sports promoters, also joined in on the fun. A 6 day race (March 2-8, 1885) was held in New York City, with the winner receiving $500 and a diamond belt worth $250. Thirty-six men signed up for the race. Eleven thousand were estimated to have watched. Newsboy William Donovan from Elmira, New York won.

 

Fast forward to 1970’s when disco came on scene. Many weren’t just out on the dance floor doing the Hustle, they were disco dancing on roller skates at the roller rinks, and movies were showcasing the fad. (Roller Boogie and Skatetown, U.S.A. come to mind). 1979 saw the launch of Rollerblade, Inc., owned by Scott Olson. In 1983, President Regan declared October roller skating month, and in 1993, Rollerblade, Inc. developed the Active Brake to increase safety for skaters.  Whether young or old, a novice or a pro, rinks and roller blades are still in existence today, so if you’re inclined, get out there and have fun!      

Movie Musicals & Burlesque Shows ~ Julie Lence

 

Vera-Ellen
White Christmas

As long as I can remember, I’ve been a fan of movie musicals. Grease and Saturday Night Fever grabbed my attention as a teenager and are still favorites today. I sing along and tap my toe to the music, and dream that I can dance as good as the actors and dancers on the screen. My all-time favorite musical is White Christmas. Though she didn’t sing in the movie, Vera-Ellen’s dancing prowess captured my attention, and was my motivation to trapse on down to Blockbuster or Hollywood Video to find more of her work and others, such as Gene Kelly. Today, with Amazon’s library of movies, with the push of a few buttons, I don’t have to travel to the store to find a movie, which is a good thing because Blockbuster and Hollywood Video no longer exist. Vera-Ellen remains my all-time favorite dancer, and it’s clear that live stage productions led to movie musicals, but when and where did musicals get their start?

In my trusty reference book, Everyday Life in the 1800’s, there is a section on entertainment. One of the entries refers to burlesque shows, where the show girls wore skimpy costumes and kicked their legs in the style of the famous Rockettes. The 1^st such show dates back to Broadway 1866 and the musical, The Black Crook.  A New York theater entrepreneur booked 2 shows in his Broadway venues. The first show featured a French ballet company where the dancers wore flesh-colored  silk stockings, which was unheard of back then. The 2^nd show was about a man having second thoughts regarding selling his soul to the devil. As luck would have it, the venue for the French ballet was damaged by fire, and with the shows booked for the same timeframe, the entrepreneur came up with a genius idea to combine both shows into one; The Black Crook.

Lydia Thompson
Operetta Research Center

The Black Crook featured a battle scene in Hell and is regarded as the 1^st Broadway show by many. It opened to rave reviews and went on to give 474 performances, which was unheard of at the time. Usually a show only had 20 performances. The musical toured for decades and was revived on Broadway numerous times, and led to another musical that toured the country, Ixion. Lydia Thompson is credited for Ixion, a British burlesque troupe of women playing male roles that became New York’s biggest sensation back in the day. Thompson and her ‘British Blondes’, as the girls were dubbed, were in such demand that the show moved to Niblo’s Garden, Broadway’s most prestigious theater and where The Black Crook rose to fame 2 years earlier, and earned $370,000 in its first year.

British Blondes
Scalar

During the Victorian Era, women hid their figures beneath bustles and hoops. The novelty of shows such as The Black Crook and Ixion with women wearing skimpy costumes was daring and challenging, and with Ixion a success because men and women were in awe that a woman wrote and managed the production. But burlesque wasn’t born with those two shows and wasn’t always a production of women wearing daring costumes and playing sexual aggressors. Burlesque began in the 1840’s as a wide range of comic plays, to include non-musicals. The shows appealed to the lower and middle class because they poked fun (burlesquing) at the social habits of the upper class. Anything from Shakespeare to Swedish opera singer Jenny Lind inspired a burlesque spoof, and eventually paved the way for  writers and producers such as Lydia Thompson to come along and take burlesque not only to the next century, but to the image of scantily clad women kicking up their heels we think of today.

As a fan of movie musicals and Broadway, I’m grateful to Lydia Thompson and others like her. Today, we still have the Rockettes in skimpy costumes kicking up their heels at Radio City Music Hall and old movies on Amazon to dazzle us. Occasionally, a brand new movie musical comes along to capture our hearts, and whether old or new, I’m still dreaming I can dance as good as them.

The Rockettes
NY Times